Understanding Migraine Phases and Triggers

Migraine headaches rank among the top 20 most disabling medical conditions worldwide. More than 10% of people, including children, experience migraines and nearly one in four U.S. households has someone living with a migraine disorder. The good news is that effective treatments and management strategies are available. Taking the time to understand the phases of a migraine and identify your personal triggers can be an important first step toward finding relief.

Migraine phases

Unlike other types of headaches, migraines can cause symptoms beyond pain. Nausea and vomiting, lightheadedness, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and other visual changes are common. A migraine headache may last from 4 to 72 hours. Migraines are also unique in that they have distinct phases. But not all people experience each phase.

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• Premonition phase. Hours or even days before a migraine begins, you may notice subtle changes in mood, energy levels or behavior. These early warning signs can signal that a migraine is coming.
• Aura phase. Up to 1 hour before the headache starts, about one-third of migraine sufferers experience an unusual “feeling” or aura — flashing lights, blind spots other vision problems, confusion, trouble speaking or other neurologic symptoms.
• Headache phase. Moderate to severe pain affects 1 side of the head and then can spread to both sides, often along with upset stomach (nausea). You may be highly sensitive to light, sound and odors. Vomiting or diarrhea may also happen. This stage typically lasts 4 to 72 hours.
• Headache resolution phase. Pain lessens during this phase. But it may be replaced with fatigue, irritability and trouble concentrating. This may last for a day or so.

What commonly triggers a migraine?

People who get migraines may be able to identify triggers that seem to kick off the symptoms. Some possible triggers include:

• Stress and other emotions.
• Biological and environmental conditions, such as hormonal shifts or exposure to light or smells.
• Severe tiredness (fatigue) and changes in sleep patterns.
• Glaring or flickering lights.
• Weather changes.
• Certain foods and drinks.

Finding relief

Keeping a migraine diary can help you and your healthcare provider identify patterns and develop a personalized treatment plan. Track details such as:

• When your migraines occur.
• Where the pain is located.
• How the headache feels.
• How long symptoms last.
• Changes in mood or behavior.
• Activities that make symptoms better or worse.
• Sleep habits.
• Stress levels.
• Any history of head injury.

Need help managing migraines? The specialists at the Overlake Neuroscience Institute provide expert diagnosis and treatment for migraines and other neurological conditions. Learn more about available services and find the care that's right for you at Overlake Neuroscience Institute